Advent Explained: Global Traditions and Observances

Advent, a term derived from the Latin word “adventus,” meaning arrival or visit, is a significant period for many Christian groups globally. Observed during the four Sundays preceding Christmas Day, Advent marks the commencement of the spiritual year for these churches. Its purpose is twofold: to celebrate the Earthly birth of Jesus around 2,000 years ago and to prepare for the anticipation of the second coming of Christ.

In 2023, Advent begins on Sunday, December 3, with each Sunday carrying a distinct spiritual theme and often featuring the ceremonial lighting of an Advent candle. Advent customs and practices vary across different regions and countries, each adding its unique touch to the celebration.

Austria

Austria, the birthplace of the beloved Christmas hymn “Silent Night” (“Stille Nacht” in German), celebrates Advent with numerous musical performances of this sacred hymn. Salzburg, a picturesque city known for “The Sound of Music,” traditionally hosts such performances.

House of worship: Salzburg Cathedral, an iconic symbol of the city, stands as a Baroque structure with two commanding towers, originally laid in 1641.

China

While not immediately associated with Advent, China, home to approximately 5.1% of Christians (around 72 million people), embraces the Western traditions brought by missionaries. Chinese Christians decorate their homes with colorful paper lanterns and red paper pagodas during Advent. An emerging tradition involves the giving of apples, sometimes wrapped in colored paper.

House of worship: St. Ignatius Cathedral in Shanghai, built-in 1906, features Western-style architecture and was reopened in December 2017 after a two-year renovation.

Croatia

In Croatia, where around 86% of the population is Roman Catholic, Advent is a significant part of religious life. Preparations for Christmas often start on November 25, known as Sveta Kata (St. Catherine’s Day). The first candle in the Advent wreath is lit on Advent Sunday, the fourth Sunday before Christmas.

House of worship: Zagreb Cathedral of the Assumption, the tallest building in Croatia, showcases neo-Gothic architecture and houses one of the world’s most splendid organs.

Germany

Advent in Germany involves families setting up an Advent wreath with four candles, one for each week, and gathering around it each Sunday to sing carols and light a candle. Stollen, a traditional Christmas treat, is popular, and Advent calendars with chocolate treats are common for children.

House of worship: Asam Church in Munich, though not the largest, is ornate and a Baroque masterpiece built by two brothers originally as a private chapel.

Hungary

Hungary observes Advent with daily Mass known as matins, held every dawn from the first Sunday of Advent to the first day of Christmas. A classic Advent treat in Hungary is “beigli,” a rolled crust filled with poppy seeds or walnuts.

House of worship: St. Stephen’s Basilica in Budapest, the largest church in the city, boasts neoclassical architecture and offers spectacular views from the top.

Mexico

In Mexico, Advent involves the religious ceremonies known as Las Posadas, a nine-day celebration from December 16 to 24, marking the journey of Mary and Joseph. Each evening, a processional, led by a child dressed as an angel, visits selected homes.

House of worship: Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral, the largest cathedral in Latin America, showcases a mix of architectural styles due to its construction spanning more than two centuries.

Poland

For deeply Catholic Poland, Advent is a time of prayer, fasting, and spiritual preparation for Christmas. Poles attend early-morning Masses called roraty, and outdoor booths in city squares distribute candy, gifts, and cards.

House of worship: St. Mary’s Basilica in Krakow, consecrated in 1320, is renowned for its stunning Gothic architecture and asymmetrical towers.

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom observes the relatively new tradition of Christingles, starting in the late 1960s. Made from an orange decorated with a candle, red tape, and sweets, Christingles services involve prayers, readings, and singing.

House of worship: Salisbury Cathedral, one of the finest Gothic cathedrals in the UK, with Britain’s tallest spire, was consecrated in 1220.

Nativity Fast

Eastern Orthodox churches mark the lead-up to Christmas with the Nativity Fast, lasting from November 15 to December 24 on the Revised Julian Calendar.

As Advent unfolds worldwide, diverse customs and traditions reflect the rich cultural tapestry of each region, adding depth and meaning to the season’s spiritual significance.